What is Nongonococcal Urethritis
Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in men, caused by bacteria other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium that causes gonorrhea. NGU can also be caused by certain viruses or parasites.
Symptoms of Nongonococcal Urethritis
The symptoms of NGU in men can vary from mild to severe and may include:
Burning or pain during urination
Frequent urination
Cloudy, milky, or watery discharge from the penis
Itching or irritation around the opening of the penis
In some cases, NGU may also cause:
Pain or discomfort in the testicles
Pain during ejaculation
Blood in the semen
Causes of Nongonococcal Urethritis
NGU is usually caused by infection with one of several types of bacteria, viruses, or parasites. The most common bacterial causes of NGU include:
Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia)
Mycoplasma genitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Other less common bacterial causes of NGU include:
Haemophilus influenzae
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Viral causes of NGU include:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Parasitic causes of NGU include:
Trichomonas vaginalis (trichomoniasis)
Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Urethritis
NGU is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. Your doctor may also order one or more of the following tests to confirm the diagnosis:
Urinalysis: A urinalysis can help rule out other conditions, such as urinary tract infections.
Gram stain: A Gram stain is a laboratory test that can identify the type of bacteria causing the infection.
Culture: A culture is a laboratory test that can grow and identify the bacteria causing the infection.
Molecular testing: Molecular testing can identify the DNA of the bacteria causing the infection.
Treatment of Nongonococcal Urethritis
NGU is treated with antibiotics, which are medications that kill or stop the growth of bacteria. The specific type of antibiotic that is used will depend on the type of bacteria that is causing the infection.
Treatment for NGU usually involves taking antibiotics for 7-10 days. It is important to take the antibiotics for the full course of treatment, even if the symptoms go away, to ensure that the infection is completely cured.
Complications of Nongonococcal Urethritis
If NGU is not treated, it can lead to serious complications, including:
Epididymitis: Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymus, the coiled tube at the back of the testicle that stores sperm.
Prostatitis: Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland.
Infertility: NGU can cause infertility in men by damaging the sperm or blocking the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the penis.
Prevention of Nongonococcal Urethritis
The best way to prevent NGU is to avoid sexual contact with infected people. If you are sexually active, you can reduce your risk of NGU by:
Using condoms every time you have sex
Limiting your number of sexual partners
Getting tested for STIs regularly
Outlook for Nongonococcal Urethritis
With prompt treatment, NGU can usually be cured. However, it is important to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent serious complications.
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