What are the Symptoms of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus?
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic skin condition that affects the vulva, the external female genitalia. It is characterized by the development of white, thickened, and itchy patches of skin on the vulva. VLS can affect women of all ages, but it is most common in postmenopausal women.
The symptoms of VLS can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some women may only experience mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms that can significantly impact their quality of life.
Common Symptoms of VLS
The most common symptoms of VLS include:
Itching: The itching associated with VLS can be intense and persistent. It can make it difficult to sleep, sit, or concentrate.
Pain: Some women with VLS may also experience pain, burning, or stinging sensations on the vulva.
Sores: VLS can cause the skin on the vulva to become thin and fragile, which can lead to the development of sores. These sores can be painful and may bleed or become infected.
Thickening and whitening of the skin: VLS can cause the skin on the vulva to become thickened and white. This can make the skin look like it is covered in scar tissue.
Shrinkage of the vaginal opening: In some cases, VLS can cause the vaginal opening to shrink. This can make it difficult to have intercourse and can also lead to problems with urination.
Less Common Symptoms of VLS
Less common symptoms of VLS include:
Bleeding: VLS can cause the skin on the vulva to become thin and fragile, which can lead to bleeding.
Discharge: Some women with VLS may also experience a thin, watery discharge from the vagina.
Painful intercourse: VLS can make intercourse painful due to the thickening and shrinkage of the vaginal opening.
Difficulty urinating: VLS can cause the urethra to become narrow, which can make it difficult to urinate.
Complications of VLS
If left untreated, VLS can lead to a number of complications, including:
Scarring: VLS can cause the skin on the vulva to become scarred. This can lead to pain, itching, and difficulty with intercourse.
Infection: The sores caused by VLS can become infected. This can lead to pain, swelling, and fever.
Cancer: In rare cases, VLS can lead to the development of vulvar cancer.
When to See a Doctor
It is important to see a doctor if you are experiencing any of the symptoms of VLS. Early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent complications.
Your doctor will perform a physical examination of the vulva and ask you about your symptoms. He or she may also order a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of VLS.
Treatment for VLS
There is no cure for VLS, but there are treatments that can help to relieve the symptoms. Treatment options include:
Topical steroids: Topical steroids can be applied to the vulva to reduce itching and inflammation.
Calcineurin inhibitors: Calcineurin inhibitors are topical medications that can help to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
Laser therapy: Laser therapy can be used to destroy the affected skin tissue and promote healing.
Surgery: Surgery may be necessary to treat severe cases of VLS. Surgery can be used to remove the affected skin tissue and widen the vaginal opening.
Outlook for VLS
The outlook for VLS is generally good. With early diagnosis and treatment, most women with VLS can manage their symptoms and live a normal life. However, VLS can be a chronic condition, and some women may experience symptoms for years or even decades.
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