How to Tell if You Have Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cervix, the opening of the uterus. It is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide, and it is the leading cause of cancer death among women in developing countries.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In the early stages, cervical cancer often does not cause any symptoms. As the cancer grows, it may cause the following symptoms:
Vaginal bleeding after menopause
Vaginal bleeding between periods
Heavier than normal menstrual periods
Pain during intercourse
Pain in the pelvis or lower back
Unusual vaginal discharge
Fatigue
Weight loss
Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer
The following factors increase your risk of developing cervical cancer:
Having multiple sexual partners
Having sex at a young age
Having a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Smoking
Using birth control pills for a long time
Having a weakened immune system
Being overweight or obese
Screening for Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer can be detected through a Pap test or a pelvic exam. A Pap test is a procedure in which cells are collected from the cervix and examined under a microscope. A pelvic exam is a physical exam of the vagina, cervix, and uterus.
Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer
If your Pap test or pelvic exam shows abnormal results, your doctor will recommend further tests to confirm a diagnosis of cervical cancer. These tests may include a biopsy, a colposcopy, or a cone biopsy.
A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the cervix and examined under a microscope. A colposcopy is a procedure in which your doctor uses a magnifying instrument to examine the cervix and take a biopsy. A cone biopsy is a procedure in which your doctor removes a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix.
Treatment for Cervical Cancer
The treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and your overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Prevention of Cervical Cancer
The following measures can help prevent cervical cancer:
Get vaccinated against HPV.
Practice safe sex.
Use condoms.
Get regular Pap tests.
Quit smoking.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Eat a healthy diet.
Exercise regularly.
Living with Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer can be a difficult diagnosis, but it is important to remember that there are many treatment options available. With early detection and treatment, most women with cervical cancer can live long and full lives.
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