5 Ways to Diagnose Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in the United States, with over 281,550 new cases reported in 2021. Early detection is key to successful treatment, and there are several methods available to diagnose breast cancer.
1. Clinical Breast Exam (CBE)
Clinical Breast Exam: Palpating for Abnormalities
A clinical breast exam (CBE) is a physical examination of the breasts performed by a healthcare provider. During a CBE, the provider will feel for any lumps, bumps, or other abnormalities in the breasts and underarms. CBEs are typically performed as part of a routine physical exam or as a follow-up to an abnormal mammogram or breast self-exam.
2. Mammogram
Mammogram: X-ray Imaging of the Breast Tissue
A mammogram is an X-ray imaging technique used to detect breast cancer. During a mammogram, the breasts are compressed and X-rays are taken to create images of the breast tissue. Mammograms can reveal abnormalities such as tumors, calcifications, or mass formation, which may be indicative of cancer.
3. Breast Ultrasound
Breast Ultrasound: High-Frequency Sound Waves for Tissue Visualization
A breast ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the breast tissue. This technique is often used to further evaluate areas of concern identified on a mammogram or during a CBE. Ultrasounds can distinguish between solid masses (which may be cancerous) and fluid-filled cysts (which are typically benign).
4. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Breast MRI: Advanced Imaging with Magnetic Fields
A breast MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue. MRIs can detect both cancerous and non-cancerous abnormalities, and they are particularly useful for women with dense breast tissue, which can make mammograms less effective.
5. Breast Biopsy
Breast Biopsy: Tissue Sampling for Definitive Diagnosis
A breast biopsy is a procedure that involves removing a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope. A biopsy is the only definitive way to diagnose breast cancer, as it can determine whether abnormal cells are cancerous or benign. There are several types of biopsies, including fine needle aspiration, core needle biopsy, and surgical biopsy.
Regular Screening and Early Detection
Regular breast cancer screenings are essential for early detection and successful treatment. Women should begin annual mammograms at age 40, and discuss the frequency of screenings with their healthcare provider based on their individual risk factors. It is also important to perform regular breast self-exams and report any changes or abnormalities to a healthcare professional promptly.
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