What are the causes of hyperemesis gravidarum?
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of morning sickness that can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. It is thought to be caused by a combination of factors, including:
Hormonal changes: The rise in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels during pregnancy is thought to be a major factor in HG. hCG is a hormone that is produced by the placenta and helps to maintain the pregnancy. However, it can also cause nausea and vomiting.
Psychological factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can all worsen HG. This is because these factors can increase the production of stomach acid, which can lead to nausea and vomiting.
Dietary factors: Certain foods and drinks can trigger HG in some women. These foods and drinks include:
Fatty foods
Spicy foods
Acidic foods
Caffeine
Alcohol
Other factors: Other factors that may contribute to HG include:
A history of HG in previous pregnancies
Carrying twins or multiples
Being overweight or obese
Having a family history of HG
How is hyperemesis gravidarum diagnosed?
HG is diagnosed based on the following criteria:
Severe nausea and vomiting that persists for more than 5 days
Weight loss of more than 5% of pre-pregnancy weight
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
How is hyperemesis gravidarum treated?
The treatment for HG will vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases of HG can be treated with:
Antinausea medications
Dietary changes
Rest
More severe cases of HG may require hospitalization for intravenous fluids and medications. In some cases, a feeding tube may be necessary to ensure that the woman is getting enough nutrients.
What are the risks of hyperemesis gravidarum?
HG can be a serious condition if it is not treated properly. The risks of HG include:
Dehydration
Weight loss
Electrolyte imbalances
Preterm birth
Low birth weight
Stillbirth
How can hyperemesis gravidarum be prevented?
There is no sure way to prevent HG. However, some women may be able to reduce their risk of developing HG by:
Eating small, frequent meals
Avoiding foods and drinks that trigger nausea
Getting plenty of rest
Managing stress
Taking prenatal vitamins
When should I call my doctor about hyperemesis gravidarum?
You should call your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms of HG:
Severe nausea and vomiting that persists for more than 5 days
Weight loss of more than 5% of pre-pregnancy weight
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances
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