Prostate cancer is the second killer of men's health

Prostate cancer is a major public health concern

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States, after skin cancer. It is also the second leading cause of cancer death among men, after lung cancer. In 2020, it is estimated that over 191,000 men in the United States will be diagnosed with prostate cancer, and over 33,000 men will die from the disease.

Prostate cancer is a cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate gland is a small gland located just below the bladder. It produces fluid that helps to make semen. Prostate cancer can occur in men of any age, but it is most common in men over the age of 65.

The risk factors for prostate cancer

The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but there are a number of risk factors that can increase a man's chance of developing the disease. These risk factors include:

Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. Men over the age of 65 are at the highest risk of developing the disease.

Race: African American men are at a higher risk of prostate cancer than men of other races.

Family history: Men who have a father or brother with prostate cancer are at an increased risk of developing the disease.

Obesity: Men who are obese are at an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Diet: Men who eat a diet high in saturated fat and red meat are at an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Smoking: Men who smoke are at an increased risk of prostate cancer.

The symptoms of prostate cancer

The symptoms of prostate cancer can vary depending on the stage of the disease. In the early stages, prostate cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the cancer grows, it can cause a number of symptoms, including:

Difficulty urinating

Frequent urination

Painful urination

Blood in the urine

Erectile dysfunction

Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis

The diagnosis of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests, including:

Digital rectal exam (DRE): A DRE is a physical exam of the prostate gland. During a DRE, the doctor inserts a finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities in the prostate gland.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: A PSA test is a blood test that measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a protein that is produced by the prostate gland. High levels of PSA can be a sign of prostate cancer.

Biopsy: A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the prostate gland and examined under a microscope. A biopsy is the only way to definitively diagnose prostate cancer.

The treatment of prostate cancer

The treatment of prostate cancer depends on the stage of the disease. In the early stages, prostate cancer may be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy. In the advanced stages, prostate cancer may be treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

The outlook for prostate cancer

The outlook for prostate cancer depends on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. In the early stages, prostate cancer is highly curable. However, in the advanced stages, prostate cancer can be difficult to treat.

The prevention of prostate cancer

There is no sure way to prevent prostate cancer, but there are a number of things men can do to reduce their risk of developing the disease. These include:

Eating a healthy diet

Maintaining a healthy weight

Exercising regularly

Avoiding smoking

Limiting alcohol intake

Getting regular screenings

The importance of early detection

Early detection is key to successful treatment of prostate cancer. Men should talk to their doctor about getting a PSA test and a DRE starting at age 50. Men who are at high risk of prostate cancer may need to start getting screened earlier.

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