How to Handle Blood from HIV-Infected Patients
Introduction
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, weakening it, and making it difficult for the body to fight off infections. HIV is spread through contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk.
Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease when they enter the bloodstream. HIV is a bloodborne pathogen. Other bloodborne pathogens include hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Standard Precautions
Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices that are used to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens. These precautions include:
Washing your hands frequently with soap and water.
Wearing gloves when handling blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Wearing a gown or apron when there is a risk of splashing or spraying of blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Using a face shield or mask when there is a risk of splashing or spraying of blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Not touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
Disposing of used needles and other sharp objects in a sharps container.
Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that have been contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
Specific Precautions for Handling Blood from HIV-Infected Patients
In addition to standard precautions, the following specific precautions should be taken when handling blood from HIV-infected patients:
Double-gloving is recommended when handling blood from HIV-infected patients.
Avoid using needles and other sharp objects when handling blood from HIV-infected patients.
If a needle or other sharp object is used, it should be disposed of immediately in a sharps container.
If blood from an HIV-infected patient comes into contact with your skin, wash the area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 seconds.
If blood from an HIV-infected patient comes into contact with your eyes, nose, or mouth, flush the area with water for at least 15 seconds.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
PEP is a course of antiretroviral drugs that can be taken after exposure to HIV to prevent the virus from establishing an infection. PEP should be started within 72 hours of exposure.
Conclusion
Following these precautions will help to prevent the transmission of HIV from infected patients to healthcare workers.
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