How to Prevent Puerperal Infections
Puerperal infections are infections that develop after childbirth. They can range from minor skin infections to life-threatening infections of the uterus or other organs.
Puerperal infections are a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. In the United States, about 10% of women who give birth develop a puerperal infection.
There are many risk factors for puerperal infections, including:
Cesarean delivery
Preterm delivery
Prolonged labor
Multiple births
Retained placenta
Chorioamnionitis (infection of the placenta and amniotic fluid)
Maternal obesity
Diabetes
Smoking
Poor hygiene
Symptoms of Puerperal Infections
The symptoms of puerperal infections can vary depending on the type of infection. Some common symptoms include:
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
Headache
Fatigue
Malaise
Pain in the abdomen or pelvis
Vaginal discharge
Foul-smelling lochia (vaginal discharge after childbirth)
Diagnosis of Puerperal Infections
Puerperal infections are diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. The doctor may also order blood tests, urine tests, or cultures to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Puerperal Infections
The treatment of puerperal infections depends on the type of infection. Treatment may include antibiotics, IV fluids, pain medication, and surgery.
Prevention of Puerperal Infections
There are many things that can be done to prevent puerperal infections, including:
Good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially before and after touching the baby. Keep the perineal area clean and dry.
Avoid douching: Douching can introduce bacteria into the vagina and increase the risk of infection.
Eat a healthy diet: A healthy diet can help to boost the immune system and reduce the risk of infection.
Get enough rest: Getting enough rest can help to reduce stress and improve the immune system.
Quit smoking: Smoking can damage the immune system and increase the risk of infection.
Get vaccinated: There are vaccines available to protect against some types of puerperal infections, such as group B streptococcus (GBS).
Cesarean delivery only when necessary: Cesarean delivery is a major risk factor for puerperal infections. It should only be performed when it is medically necessary.
Appropriate use of antibiotics: Antibiotics should only be used to treat infections. They should not be used prophylactically (to prevent infections).
How to Prevent Puerperal Infections After a Cesarean Delivery
If you have a cesarean delivery, there are some additional things you can do to prevent puerperal infections, including:
Take antibiotics: Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection after a cesarean delivery. Be sure to take the antibiotics as directed.
Keep the incision clean and dry: Change the dressing on your incision daily and keep it clean and dry.
Avoid strenuous activity: Do not lift heavy objects or do any strenuous activity for at least 6 weeks after your cesarean delivery.
Follow your doctor's instructions: Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions carefully after a cesarean delivery. This will help to reduce the risk of infection and other complications.
When to Call the Doctor
Call your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms after childbirth:
Fever
Chills
Night sweats
Headache
Fatigue
Malaise
Pain in the abdomen or pelvis
Vaginal discharge
Foul-smelling lochia (vaginal discharge after childbirth)
These symptoms may be a sign of a puerperal infection. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent serious complications.
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