How to Treat Prostate
The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ that surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen from the body. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States, after skin cancer.
The prostate gland produces a fluid that helps to nourish and protect sperm. The prostate gland also helps to control the flow of urine. As men age, the prostate gland often becomes enlarged. This can cause problems with urination, such as difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine, or a weak urine stream.
What Causes Prostate Enlargement?
The exact cause of prostate enlargement is unknown. However, there are a number of risk factors that can increase a man's risk of developing prostate enlargement, including:
Age: The risk of prostate enlargement increases with age. Most men over the age of 50 will experience some degree of prostate enlargement.
Family history: Men who have a father or brother with prostate enlargement are at an increased risk of developing the condition.
Race: African-American men are at an increased risk of developing prostate enlargement compared to white men.
Obesity: Obese men are at an increased risk of developing prostate enlargement.
Diabetes: Men with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing prostate enlargement.
What Are the Symptoms of Prostate Enlargement?
The symptoms of prostate enlargement can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some men may experience only mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms that can interfere with their daily lives.
Common symptoms of prostate enlargement include:
Difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine
Weak urine stream
Frequent urination, especially at night
Urgency to urinate
Inability to completely empty the bladder
Pain or burning during urination
Blood in the urine or semen
How Is Prostate Enlargement Diagnosed?
Prostate enlargement is diagnosed through a physical examination and a medical history. The doctor will ask about your symptoms and perform a digital rectal exam (DRE). During a DRE, the doctor inserts a finger into the rectum to feel the prostate gland. The doctor will check the size, shape, and consistency of the prostate gland.
The doctor may also order a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. A PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood. PSA is a protein that is produced by the prostate gland. The PSA level can be elevated in men with prostate enlargement or prostate cancer.
How Is Prostate Enlargement Treated?
There are a number of different treatments for prostate enlargement. The best treatment for you will depend on the severity of your symptoms and your overall health.
Medications: Medications can be used to treat prostate enlargement by shrinking the prostate gland or relaxing the muscles around the prostate gland. Common medications for prostate enlargement include:
Alpha-blockers: Alpha-blockers relax the muscles around the prostate gland, making it easier to urinate.
5-alpha reductase inhibitors: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate gland by blocking the production of dihydro*** (DHT), a hormone that causes the prostate gland to grow.
Surgery: Surgery may be necessary if medications do not relieve your symptoms. There are a number of different surgical procedures that can be used to treat prostate enlargement, including:
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): TURP is the most common surgical procedure for prostate enlargement. During TURP, the doctor inserts a resectoscope into the urethra and uses a laser or electrical current to remove the enlarged prostate tissue.
Laser prostatectomy: Laser prostatectomy is a newer surgical procedure that uses a laser to vaporize the enlarged prostate tissue.
Open prostatectomy: Open prostatectomy is a more invasive surgical procedure that involves making an incision in the abdomen to remove the enlarged prostate tissue.
Other treatments: Other treatments for prostate enlargement include:
Watchful waiting: Watchful waiting is an option for men with mild symptoms of prostate enlargement. With watchful waiting, your doctor will monitor your symptoms and perform periodic PSA blood tests to check for prostate cancer.
Balloon dilation: Balloon dilation is a minimally invasive procedure that involves inserting a balloon into the urethra and inflating it to stretch the prostate gland and open up the urethra.
Prostate artery embolization: Prostate artery embolization is a minimally invasive procedure that involves injecting small particles into the arteries that supply blood to the prostate gland. This causes the arteries to narrow and reduce blood flow to the prostate gland, which can shrink the prostate gland.
How Can I Prevent Prostate Enlargement?
There is no sure way to prevent prostate enlargement. However, there are a number of things you can do to reduce your risk of developing prostate enlargement, including:
Eat a healthy diet: A healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help to reduce your risk of developing prostate enlargement.
Exercise regularly: Exercise can help to reduce your risk of developing prostate enlargement by maintaining a healthy weight and reducing your risk of diabetes.
Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a risk factor for prostate enlargement. Maintaining a healthy weight can help to reduce your risk of developing prostate enlargement.
Avoid smoking: Smoking can increase your risk of developing prostate enlargement. Avoid smoking to reduce your risk of developing prostate enlargement.
Talk to your doctor: Talk to your doctor about your risk of developing prostate enlargement and what you can do to reduce your risk.
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